====== Encumbrances ======

An **encumbrance** is any **claim, [[lien]], charge, or restriction** that **affects the title, value, or use** of real property.

===== Key Characteristics =====
  * Does **not prevent ownership**, but may limit rights
  * Can affect **value, marketability, or use**
  * May be **monetary or non-monetary**
  * Often discovered during a **title search**

===== Types of Encumbrances =====
  * **[[Lien]]**
    * Monetary claims against property
    * Examples: mortgages, deeds of trust, tax liens, mechanic’s liens

  * **[[Easement]]**
    * Right to use another’s land for a specific purpose
    * Examples: utility easements, right-of-way

  * **[[Encroachment]]**
    * Unauthorized physical intrusion onto another’s land
    * Examples: fences, driveways, overhanging structures

  * **[[Restriction]]**
    * Limitations on use of property
    * Examples: CC&Rs, zoning laws, deed restrictions

===== Voluntary vs Involuntary =====
  * **Voluntary Encumbrances**
    * Created by the property owner
    * Examples: mortgage, easement granted by owner

  * **Involuntary Encumbrances**
    * Imposed by law or court action
    * Examples: tax liens, zoning, eminent domain

===== Removal or Resolution =====
  * Payment or satisfaction (liens)
  * Release, reconveyance, or expiration
  * Agreement or legal action (encroachments, easements)

===== Exam Tip =====
  * Encumbrances affect **title or use**, not possession
  * Not all encumbrances are liens, but **all liens are encumbrances**